"The bill of lading BILL OF LADING (B/L) stands for the goods, be sure to know enough about the bill of lading.
Basic knowledge and points to note
1. B/L is usually in 3 sides, or 2 sides and 3 sides. If the letter of credit has the requirement, we should make a special explanation with the forwarder.
T/T payment method, in theory, only one original can be (after the withdrawal of the other original automatically invalid, the copy can not be withdrawn), T/T received all the money, the original to the customer to send the original can be considered to stay in their own original, the other all sent to the customer (so as to avoid losing the bill of lading in the mail road).
2. The front of the bill of lading to show the carrier (full name). This is to know the content of the understanding, the actual letter of credit, the bank told me that the bill of lading does not show the carrier is still safe to hand over the bill of collection (so theoretically it should be shown).
If the carrier is shown on the front, the lower right corner of the carrier's stamp and signature.
If the carrier is not shown on the front and the bill of lading is signed by the transport company, the identity of the signatory will be indicated when signing the bill of lading.
The full name of the carrier is shown on the front but the bill of lading signed by the transport company, the identity of the transport company should be indicated when signing.
3. Shipmented bill of lading and ready-to-ship bill of lading:
Ship-ready bill of lading: the bill of lading issued after the goods are loaded on board the ship.
Shipping bill of lading: the goods are not loaded when issued only on behalf of the carrier to take over the goods delivered by the shipper, so the bill of lading can not prove that the goods are loaded on board the ship (shipping bill of lading date is not loading period).
When the shipping bill of lading stamped "has been loaded" at the same time indicate the time of loading can be transformed into a bill of lading has been loaded.
4 The bill of lading can not have unclean endorsement. 5.
5. The consignee and notifier of the bill of lading must be filled out in strict accordance with the letter of credit.
6 bill of lading issued, date and number of copies: bill of lading must be issued by the carrier or captain or their agents, and should clearly indicate the identity of the issuer. General method of expression: CARRIER, CAPTAIN, or "AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER: XXX" and so on.
7. for the bill of lading printed on the name of the shipping company (carrier), generally on the side of the freight forwarder will play on the as agent for the carrier. if the bill of lading is not printed on the name of the shipping company, there should be a shipping company's seal signature (your ticket should be signed by the carrier bill of lading of the shipping company, right?)
8. Letter of credit and bill of lading related inconsistencies: bill of lading does not show the carrier. Checked, the official explanation is this: in accordance with the provisions of Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the bill of lading must indicate on the surface of the carrier's name, and signed by the carrier, or as the carrier's named agent or representative, or otherwise confirmed, or by the captain, or as the captain's named agent or representative, signed or otherwise confirmed.
9. bill of lading issuer can be divided into: FREIGHT FORWARDER B / L refers to the international carriage of goods, but does not own the ship so that the bill of lading issued by the transport company.ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING, commonly known as the sea bill.
L/C payment conditions of each document production time order
Contract ---> L/C issuance ---> invoice (invoice date should be noted earlier than the date of delivery and the validity of the letter of credit, commercial invoices on the date can not be earlier than the letter of credit on the opening date) (The date of invoice should be earlier than the delivery date and the validity period of the letter of credit, and the date of commercial invoice should not be earlier than the date of the letter of credit, and the date of invoice should be at the top of the documents) --> certificate of origin (the date of certificate of origin should be the same as the date of invoice. Application for certificate of origin can be made on the day of invoice or after the application, the date of issue will be equal to or later than the invoice date), insurance policy, packing list, export licence, commodity inspection, other inspection certificates ---> shipping company certificate (if needed) ---> bill of lading date ---> bill of exchange (the date of the bill of exchange should be earlier than the date of delivery and validity of the letter of credit), the beneficiary certificate (some letters of credit do not have a beneficiary certificate, the documents required to be involved in the requirements), notice of loading (equal to or later than three days after the date of the bill of lading), the shipping notice (equal to) (or later than three days after the bill of lading date) anyway, those documents that need to pay the single date of information must be earlier than the date of delivery.
The above time order is basically consistent with the entire foreign trade process, complete a single after the details of the entire process is clear.
Bill of lading classification
Bill of lading is divided into the following three bills of lading:
First, the bill of lading (straight B/L), that is, the consignee's name bill of lading. China's "Maritime Law" provides that the bill of lading shall not be transferable, the carrier must deliver the goods to the consignee stated in the bill of lading.
Nominal bill of lading in the international maritime trade is not widely used, generally only in the delivery of personal effects, exhibits. (The first TT consignee is directly in the customer's name, not realising the potential danger: never make a named bill of lading without security of collection.)
In many countries, the consignee of a named bill of lading can take delivery of the goods without a bill of lading, so the bill of lading has effectively lost control of the goods. Just like the air waybill, the consignee can take delivery of the goods with proof of identity. Even if the letter of credit settlement, the issuing bank are not willing to accept the bill of lading, so the general letter of credit are stipulated as: TO ORDER such a blank head of the bill of lading, and thus to control and master the right of goods.
Therefore, not only one-sided remember the non-transferable nature of the bill of lading, but also remember that "the consignee of the bill of lading can not bill of lading can take delivery, so the bill of lading has actually lost the role of the right of goods." This is a crucial point! The concept must be remembered comprehensively, so as not to bring errors and losses to the work. Therefore, if only 30% of the payment, and is after the T / T 70% of the collection method, made into a designated consignee bill of lading, that is, the bill of lading, once the customer's bad reputation does not pay, it will be possible to meet the payment, the goods of two empty situation. Of course, if the customer has confidence and certainty of collection, it is another story.
Second, bearer bill of lading (Open B/L (Blank B/L, Bearer B/L)), that is, the bill of lading consignee column does not list the name. Such bills of lading can be transferred without endorsement, the carrier releases the goods on the basis of the bill.
Bearer bill of lading does not list the name of the consignee of the bill of lading, who holds the bill of lading, who can be bill of lading to the carrier to withdraw the goods, the carrier delivery is based on the single does not rely on people.
The bill of lading in the consignee column is indicated: To the order
Third, the bill of lading, that is, according to the bill of lading instructions set out in the instructions of the delivery of goods bill of lading. Is the current international trade is usually used in the bill of lading.
1, with the bank instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of xx Bank".
2, with the consignee instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of A.B.C. Co. Ltd".
3、With the consignor's instruction. That is, the bill of lading consignee column fill in "to the order of shipper", and by the shipper in the back of the bill of lading blank endorsement. This bill of lading can also be made under the provisions of the letter of credit into a registered endorsement. The consignee may not make endorsement, in this case only the shipper can pick up the goods, that is, the seller retains ownership of the goods.
And the so-called release of goods without a bill of lading, refers to the carrier does not deliver the goods with the original bill of lading behaviour.
At present, for the instructions of the bill of lading and bearer bill of lading, the carrier must release the goods with the original bill of lading, the carrier did not release the goods with the original bill of lading, regardless of which party the goods are released to the legitimate holder of the original bill of lading can be pursued by the carrier for the release of goods without a single breach of contract. This point in our maritime judicial practice are unified. But in the case of the bill of lading, if the carrier did not deliver the goods to the original bill of lading, the legal holder of the bill of lading to the carrier to claim breach of contract? At present, both theory and practice have a negative tendency.
To sum up, the domestic cargo owner unit should fully understand the danger of the bearer bill of lading, the trade buyer requesting the issuance of the bearer bill of lading as the consignee can not be arbitrarily agreed to ensure that in the case of the letter of credit and other means of settlement of foreign exchange is blocked, the carrier without a bill of lading to pursue the breach of contract liability.
The form of bill of lading issuance
1. Electric release: it is necessary to provide the original "letter of guarantee for electric release". Letter of Guarantee is to issue an affirmation that this batch of goods what things to put to which of your customers, and then below the official seal, passed to the freight forwarder, the rest do not have to worry about. (Of course, the premise of electric release is safe collection! Generally, the former TT received money before electric discharge), bill of lading confirmation, shipment, waiting for the forwarder to copy the bill of lading back, and then passed to the customer can be. 2. bill of lading: 3-4 days after the shipment (when the customer in us and other factories booked the same cabinet, for convenience and safety, can be divided into bills of lading, each to the customer to send over.) 3. Combined bill of lading: same as above
4. off-site release: subject to the consent of the shipping company.
Container loading
1. door-to-door: that is, book the cabin to the freight forwarder, make an appointment, then the freight forwarder will send a fleet to your factory, or a designated place to load the goods, and then return to the port.
2. Inside loading: It means that the factory sends the goods directly to the warehouse of the forwarder, and then they will help you to pull them into the harbour area, and the cargo owner has no right to send them directly into the harbour area.
"Due to the ship, cargo, port and other aspects of the various reasons, make the ship in the transport of goods to increase the cost of expenditure or suffer economic losses, the ship to compensate for these expenses or losses, in addition to the basic rate, the provisions of another charge, it is called a surcharge Surcharge or Additional. surcharges of various types, and with the change of some circumstances, will be cancelled or formulated a new surcharge. There are many different types of surcharges, and as circumstances change, new surcharges are cancelled or instituted. This article is on the existing more commonly used shipping surcharges slightly collated, I hope to help you better understand the shipping surcharges.
01General Rate Increase Surcharge (GRI)
The full name of GRI is General Rate Increase, which is generally used in South American and American routes. Because of the port, ship, fuel, cargo or other reasons, making the shipping company's transport costs increased significantly, the shipowner in order to compensate for these increased expenditures, so the comprehensive rate increase surcharge.
02 Peak Season Surcharge (PSS)
The full name of PSS is Peak Season Surcharge, which is generally in the peak season when the freight is busier, many shipping companies will take the excuse to charge, and China's "Spring Festival" price increases are somewhat similar. The peak season is from April to November every year.
03Emergency Bunker Surcharge (EBS)
The full name is Emergency Bunker Surcharge, meaning Emergency Bunker Surcharge (EBS), which belongs to a surcharge of ocean freight and is generally settled in US dollars like ocean freight. If it is FOB terms, this cost should be borne by the consignee, not the consignor, because EBS is not a FOB local cost. This fee can be paid on arrival or in advance.
EBS is generally in the international crude oil prices climb rapidly, the shipping company feels more than their ability to bear, due to the market is not prosperous and not convenient to timely rise in ocean freight, in order to make up for the rapid rise in the cost of a surcharge, and a temporary increase in a surcharge.
04Terminal Handling Charge (THC)
THC is Terminal Handling Charge, which can be further divided into OTHC-Origin Terminal Handling Charge and DTHC-Destination Terminal Handling Charge.
05Original Receiving Charge ORC
The full name is Original Receiving Charge (ORC), which is different from and related to Terminal Handling Charge (THC). This is a complicated charge, which is both different from and related to the Terminal Handling Charge (THC), which is only available at ports in South China, mainly in Guangdong, while the THC is available at all ports (including ports in Guangdong). ORC is specifically for ocean routes from ports in South China with destinations in North America, Central and South America, Europe and North Africa. For ports in South China to other destinations, such as Southeast Asia, only THC is levied, just like ports in other regions.
06Port Congestion Surcharge (PCS)
The full name is Port Congestion Surcharge, when the port is congested or particularly busy, the waiting time and the ship's period will be extended, the tugboat fee and other port fees may also increase, which will result in a substantial increase in the cost of transport, in order to make up for the loss of this cost, the shipping company will be charged to the shipper of the port congestion surcharge.
07 Container Imbalance Charge (CIC)
The full name of CIC is Container Imbalance Charge, sometimes called Container Imbalance Surcharge, which is a surcharge imposed by shipping companies to make up for the cost of transferring empty containers due to the imbalance of trade volume or seasonal changes leading to the imbalance of cargo flow and containers.
08 Destination Delivery Charge (DDC)
DDC full name is Destination Delivery Charge, in DDU, DDP and other terms, the cost of the seller / shipper shipper, otherwise by the buyer / consignee consignee to pay. For example, CIF terms - the buyer / consignee to bear the goods in the port of shipment after crossing the ship's side of all the costs and risks, so the port of destination of all the costs, including DDC are borne by the party / consignee.
09 Overweight Surcharge HLA
"Introduction
The bill of lading BILL OF LADING (B/L) on behalf of the goods, be sure to have a sufficient understanding of the bill of lading.
Basic knowledge and attention
1. B/L is usually in 3 sides, or 2 sides and 3 sides. If the letter of credit has the requirement, we should make a special explanation with the forwarder.
T/T payment method, in theory, only one original can be (after the withdrawal of the other original automatically invalid, the copy can not be withdrawn), T/T received all the money, the original to the customer to send the original can be considered to stay in their own original, the other all sent to the customer (so as to avoid losing the bill of lading in the mail road).
2. The front of the bill of lading to show the carrier (full name). This is to know the content of the understanding, the actual letter of credit, the bank told me that the bill of lading does not show the carrier is still safe to hand over the bill of collection (so theoretically it should be shown).
If the carrier is shown on the front, the lower right corner of the carrier's stamp and signature.
If the carrier is not shown on the front and the bill of lading is signed by the transport company, the identity of the signatory will be indicated when signing the bill of lading.
The full name of the carrier is shown on the front but the bill of lading signed by the transport company, the identity of the transport company should be indicated when signing.
3. Shipmented bill of lading and ready-to-ship bill of lading:
Ship-ready bill of lading: the bill of lading issued after the goods are loaded on board the ship.
Shipping bill of lading: the goods are not loaded when issued only on behalf of the carrier to take over the goods delivered by the shipper, so the bill of lading can not prove that the goods are loaded on board the ship (shipping bill of lading date is not loading period).
When the shipping bill of lading stamped "has been loaded" at the same time indicate the time of loading can be transformed into a bill of lading has been loaded.
4 The bill of lading can not have unclean endorsement. 5.
5. The consignee and notifier of the bill of lading must be filled out in strict accordance with the letter of credit.
6 bill of lading issued, date and number of copies: bill of lading must be issued by the carrier or captain or their agents, and should clearly indicate the identity of the issuer. General method of expression: CARRIER, CAPTAIN, or "AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER: XXX" and so on.
7. for the bill of lading printed on the name of the shipping company (carrier), generally on the side of the freight forwarder will play on the as agent for the carrier. if the bill of lading is not printed on the name of the shipping company, there should be a shipping company's seal signature (your ticket should be signed by the carrier bill of lading of the shipping company, right?)
8. Letter of credit and bill of lading related inconsistencies: bill of lading does not show the carrier. Checked, the official explanation is this: in accordance with the provisions of Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the bill of lading must indicate on the surface of the carrier's name, and signed by the carrier, or as the carrier's named agent or representative, or otherwise confirmed, or by the captain, or as the captain's named agent or representative, signed or otherwise confirmed.
9. bill of lading issuer can be divided into: FREIGHT FORWARDER B / L refers to the international carriage of goods, but does not own the ship so that the bill of lading issued by the transport company.ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING, commonly known as the sea bill.
L/C payment conditions of each document production time order
Contract ---> L/C issuance ---> invoice (invoice date should be noted earlier than the date of delivery and the validity of the letter of credit, commercial invoices on the date can not be earlier than the letter of credit on the opening date) (The date of invoice should be earlier than the delivery date and the validity period of the letter of credit, and the date of commercial invoice should not be earlier than the date of the letter of credit, and the date of invoice should be at the top of the documents) --> certificate of origin (the date of certificate of origin should be the same as the date of invoice. Application for certificate of origin can be made on the day of invoice or after the application, the date of issue will be equal to or later than the invoice date), insurance policy, packing list, export licence, commodity inspection, other inspection certificates --->? Shipping company certificate (if necessary) ---> bill of lading date ---> bill of exchange (bill of exchange date should be earlier than the date of delivery and validity of the letter of credit), beneficiary certificate (some) Letter of credit does not have a beneficiary certificate, document requirements involved in), notice of loading (equal to or later than the bill of lading within three days after the date) anyway, the need to pay the single date of those documents have to be earlier than the date of the bill of lading.
The above time sequence is basically consistent with the entire foreign trade process, complete a single after the details of the entire process is clear.
Bill of lading classification
Bill of lading in foreign trade, the transport sector to transport goods issued to the consignor of a certificate. The consignee with the bill of lading to the freight destination of the transport department to pick up the goods, the bill of lading must be signed by the carrier or the ship to take effect. It is one of the effective documents for customs declaration of sea cargo. Below I give you a list of nine categories, as follows:
1, according to the bill of lading consignee's head points
① Nominal bill of lading (Straight B / L): refers to the bill of lading (straight) on the consignee (consignee) column specifically fill in a particular person or company name of the bill of lading. Designated consignee to the carrier or its agent to hand over an original bill of lading is to obtain the delivery of goods. Although the bill of lading is a kind of right certificate, but it is not negotiable. In China, the bill of lading is not transferable.
Nominal bill of lading in the international maritime trade is not widely used, generally only in the delivery of personal effects, exhibits with. (The first TT consignee is directly in the customer's name, not realising the potential danger: never make a named bill of lading without security of collection.)
In many countries, the consignee of a named bill of lading can take delivery of the goods without a bill of lading, so the bill of lading has effectively lost control of the goods. Just like the air waybill, the consignee can take delivery of the goods with proof of identity. Even if the letter of credit settlement, the issuing bank are not willing to accept the bill of lading, so the general letter of credit are stipulated: TO ORDER such a blank head of the bill of lading, and thus to control and master the right of goods.
Therefore, not only one-sided remember the non-transferable nature of the bill of lading, but also remember that "the consignee of the bill of lading can not bill of lading can take delivery, so the bill of lading has actually lost the role of the right of goods." This is a crucial point! The concept must be remembered comprehensively, so as not to bring errors and losses to the work. Therefore, if only 30% of the payment, and is after the T / T 70% of the collection method, made into a designated consignee bill of lading, that is, the bill of lading, once the customer's bad reputation does not pay, it will be possible to meet the payment, the goods of two empty situation. Of course, if the customer has confidence and certainty of collection, it is another story.
② bearer bill of lading (Bearer B / L, or Open B / L, or Blank B / L): that is, the bill of lading consignee column does not list the name. Such bills of lading can be transferred without endorsement, the carrier releases the goods on the basis of the bill. Bearer bill of lading does not list the name of the consignee of the bill of lading, who holds the bill of lading, who can be bill of lading to the carrier to withdraw the goods, the carrier delivery is based on the single does not rely on people. The bill of lading in the consignee column is: To the order. that is, any holder of the bill of lading have the right to pick up the goods. Is to point to whoever as long as the bill of lading holder of the bill of lading for the delivery of goods. If the bill of lading 1, clearly states that it is a bearer bill of lading; 2, it will be the consignee as bearer; 3, it as a bill of lading but failed to indicate under whose instructions; 4, it is a blank endorsement of the bill of lading. Bearer bill of lading can be transferred without endorsement.
③ instructions bill of lading (Order B / L): that is, according to the bill of lading instructions contained in the instructions of the person to deliver the goods of the bill of lading. Is the current international trade is usually used in the bill of lading. Is the bill of lading on the consignee column contains "" with instructions "" (to Order) or "" with someone instructions "" (to the Order of) the words of the bill of lading. The former is called bearer instructions bill of lading, the carrier shall deliver the goods according to the shipper's instructions; the latter is called bearer instructions bill of lading, the carrier according to the instructions of the bearer to deliver the goods.
1, with the bank instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of xx Bank".
2, with the consignee instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of A.B.C. Co.
3、With the consignor's instruction. That is, the bill of lading consignee column fill in "to the order of shipper", and by the shipper in the back of the bill of lading blank endorsement. This bill of lading can also be made under the provisions of the letter of credit into a registered endorsement. The consignee may not make endorsement, in this case only the shipper can pick up the goods, that is, the seller retains ownership of the goods.
And the so-called release of goods without a bill of lading, refers to the carrier does not deliver the goods with the original bill of lading behaviour.
At present, for the instructions of the bill of lading and bearer bill of lading, the carrier must release the goods with the original bill of lading, the carrier did not release the goods with the original bill of lading, regardless of which party the goods are released to the legitimate holder of the original bill of lading can be pursued by the carrier for the release of goods without a single breach of contract. This point in our maritime judicial practice are unified. But in the case of the bill of lading, if the carrier did not deliver the goods to the original bill of lading, the legal holder of the bill of lading to the carrier to claim breach of contract? At present, both theory and practice have a negative tendency.
To sum up, the domestic cargo units should fully understand the danger of named bill of lading, the trade buyer requesting the issuance of its consignee of the named bill of lading can not be freely agreed to ensure that in the case of the letter of credit and other means of settlement of foreign exchange is blocked, the carrier without a bill of lading to pursue the breach of contract liability.
2、Divided according to whether the goods have been loaded on board
Shipped B/L (Shipped B/L, or On Board B/L):: refers to the goods loaded by the carrier or its authorised agent according to the first mate receipt issued to the shipper's bill of lading. If the carrier issued a bill of lading has been loaded, is to confirm that he has loaded the goods on board.
② Received for Shipment bill of lading (Received for Shipment B / L): is the carrier in the receipt of the goods handed over to the shipper but not yet loaded, at the request of the shipper and the bill of lading issued.
3, according to the bill of lading with or without endorsement division
① clean bill of lading (Clean B / L): refers to the goods loaded on board the ship in good condition, the carrier did not add any damage to the goods, poor packaging or other impediments to the settlement of the bill of lading endorsement.
② not clean bill of lading (Unclean B / L or Foul B / L): not clean bill of lading (Unclean B / L or foul B / L) refers to the carrier in the bill of lading on the bad condition of the goods and packaging or the existence of defects, such as water and wet, grease, stains, rust and other endorsements of the bill of lading.
4, according to the different modes of transport
① direct bill of lading (Direct B / L): refers to the goods from the port of loading after loading, the middle of the ship without changing directly to the port of discharge and unloading the bill of lading issued.
② transhipment bill of lading (Transhipment B / L): refers to the goods must be transferred to the destination port by the carrier in the port of shipment issued by the full bill of lading.
③ intermodal bill of lading (Through B/L): refers to two or more modes of transport (sea and land, sea and river, sea and air, sea and sea, etc.) intermodal transport of goods, by the first carrier (the first vessel transport carrier) to collect the full freight charges, in the place of origin issued to the destination of the full transport of the bill of lading. Intermodal bill of lading, although including the whole journey, but the bill of lading issued by the carrier only on their own transport of a voyage in the loss of goods is responsible for, this bill of lading and transshipment bill of lading of lading of the same nature.
④ multimodal transport bill of lading (MultimodaL Transport B/L or Intermodal Transport B/L): refers to the goods by sea, inland waterways, railways, highways, air and other two or more modes of transport for joint transport and the signing of the bill of lading applicable to the whole transport.
5, according to the bill of lading content of simple and complex division
① full-type bill of lading (Long Form B / L): relative to the simple bill of lading, is the bill of lading in addition to the front printed on the bill of lading form of the matters recorded on the back of the bill of lading listed on the carrier and the shipper and the consignee of the rights and obligations between the bill of lading, such as the detailed terms. As a result of the terms and conditions, so also known as "" traditional bill of lading "".
② simple bill of lading (Short Form B / L, or Simple B / L): also known as the short form of bill of lading, slightly bill of lading, is relative to the full bill of lading, is the bill of lading on the back of the bill of lading does not have the rights and obligations of the carrier and the shipper and the consignee of the bill of lading between the detailed terms.
6, according to the issuance of the bill of lading time division
① inverted bill of lading (Anti-dated B/L): refers to the carrier should be the shipper's request in the goods loaded on board the ship, the bill of lading issued earlier than the date of completion of the actual loading of the bill of lading.
② Shun signed bill of lading (Post-date B / L): refers to the shipment of goods. Carrier or shipping agent at the request of the owner of the goods, later than the actual loading of the goods on the date of completion of the bill of lading as the date of issue of the bill of lading.
③ Advanced B/L (Advanced B/L): refers to the shipment period and the settlement period of the letter of credit has arrived, the owner of the goods for any reason can not timely prepare the goods or has not yet been loaded on board, or due to the shipping company's reasons the ship can not be loaded in the shipment period in the port loading, at the request of the shipper and the shipper or its agent in advance of the shipment of bills of lading issued by the carrier or its agent. Bills of lading issued by the carrier or its agent at the request of the shipper. All the responsibilities arising from the advance bill of lading are borne by the issuer of the bill of lading.
④ expired bill of lading (Stale B/L): refers to the exporter to obtain the bill of lading failed to timely to the bank, or over the bank's bill of lading period is not negotiated and the formation of the expired bill of lading, customarily referred to as demurrage bill of lading.
7、Divided by charging method
① freight prepaid bill of lading (Freight Prepaid B/L): the transaction price of CIF, CFR conditions for freight prepaid, according to the provisions of the consignment of goods, freight must be prepaid. Freight prepaid in the case of the bill of lading issued
② Freight to pay the bill of lading (Freihgt to Collect B/L): indicates that the freight in the port of destination by the consignee to pay the bill of lading, and the bill of lading on the freight to pay, otherwise it can not against the consignee.
③ Minimum freight bill of lading (Minimum B/L): refers to each bill of lading on the goods according to the minimum charges for freight charges issued by the bill of lading.
8, according to the bill of lading issued by the different divisions
The bill of lading issued by the shipping company? : Usually issued for the whole container of goods bill of lading
② non-vessel-owning carrier bill of lading issued (NVOCC B / L): freight forwarding company or logistics company as a carrier, and the consignor signed a contract of carriage of goods and the bill of lading issued.
9、Special bill of lading
① consolidated bill of lading (Omnibus B / L): refers to the shipper's request for different kinds of goods combined in the same bill of lading.
② and loaded bill of lading (Combined B / L): refers to two or more batches of varieties, quality, port of loading and port of discharge of the same, but belonging to different consignees of the liquid bulk goods and loaded in 1 the same liquid cargo tanks and were issued for the consignee of each batch of goods, stamped with a 'and loading terms' seal of the bill of lading.
(iii) sub-bill of lading (Separate B/L): refers to the loading list of the same batch of goods is subdivided into more than two batches of bills of lading issued separately.
④ exchange bill of lading (Switch B/L): refers to the original bill of lading issued in exchange for another set of bills of lading. In the conditions of direct transport, at the request of the shipper, the carrier undertakes to exchange another set of bills of lading issued at the port of departure for another set of bills of lading issued at the port of departure at an agreed port of call.
⑤ Cabin cargo bill of lading (On Deck B/L): also known as deck cargo bill of lading. This refers to the goods loaded on the open deck of the carrier, and the bill of lading indicated "" loaded on the deck "" (On Deck) words of the bill of lading.
⑥ parcel bill of lading (Parcel Receipt B/L): refers to the parcel form of consignment of goods and the issuance of the bill of lading parcel form of consignment of goods and the issuance of the bill of lading. This is the carrier according to the special needs of trade and set up a bill of lading, the weight shall not exceed 45kg.
(7) container bill of lading (Container B / L): refers to the shipment of containers issued by the bill of lading. Container cargo transport is the main freight transport documents, responsible for container transport operators or their agents, in the receipt of container goods and issued to the shipper's bill of lading.
Bill of lading issued in the form of
1. Electric release: need to provide the original "electric release letter of guarantee".
Letter of Guarantee is to issue an affirmation that this batch of goods what things to put to which of your customers, and then below the official seal, passed to the freight forwarder, the rest do not have to worry about. (Of course, the premise of electric release is safe collection! Generally, the former TT received money before electric discharge), bill of lading confirmation, shipment, waiting for the forwarder to copy the bill of lading back, and then pass it on to the customer can be.
2. Separate bill of lading: 3-4 days after sailing (when the customer in us and other factories booked the same container, for the sake of convenience and also for safety, can be divided into bills of lading, each sent to the customer.)
3. Combined bill of lading: same as above
4. off-site bill of lading:? To be agreed by the shipping company.
Container loading
1. door-to-door: that is, booking with the forwarder, make an appointment, then the forwarder will send a fleet of cars to your factory or designated place to load the goods, and then return to the port. 2. inside loading: that is, the factory directly loads the goods, and then return to the port.
2. Inside loading: It means that the factory will send the goods directly to the warehouse of the forwarder, and then they will help you to pull the goods into the harbour area, and the cargo owner has no right to send the goods directly into the harbour area.
Frequently Asked Questions
1, why sometimes foreigners can pick up goods without bill of lading?
We know that the bill of lading should theoretically be a "property right certificate", that is, who "legally obtain" the bill of lading, who is equal to get the goods.
Bill of lading on the consignor (exporter) Shipper, carrier (freight forwarder / shipowner) Carrier, Consignee Consignee, Notify Party Notify Party four parties. The "Consignee Consignee" determines the ownership of the goods.
"Consignee Consignee" usually have two ways to fill out:
First, "with instructions (TO ORDER or TO ORDER OF ...)" That is, the consignee is who has not been determined, this bill of lading can be endorsed (the original holder of the bill of lading on the back of the signature, that the transfer) free transfer, more valuable ----- because who "legally" get the bill of lading, the goods are who. Such a bill of lading is "bearer bill of lading". Bearer bill of lading operation, foreigners can not get the original bill of lading will not have the right to pick up the goods (unless the freight forwarder and shipping company messed up, illegal release of goods without a bill of lading), it is very insurance, we recommend that you use. Under the letter of credit, the bank will usually require the issuance of such a bill of lading.
Another is the bill of lading, that is, "Consignee Consignee" column specifies the consignee's company name and address (usually foreign), only the company can pick up the goods. Because of the specific provisions of the consignee, so even if others get the bill of lading is useless, this bill of lading can not be transferred. On the other hand, just because the provisions of the dead consignee, only he can pick up the goods, so some countries recognise this consignee even if there is no original, as long as the proof of their identity, you can pick up the goods.
This is why we will encounter in the business foreigners do not have the original bill of lading can also be the reason for the goods.
In this case, the goods to the freight forwarder to open the bill of lading, almost the same as direct delivery to the foreigner. If there is no recovery of payment at this time, there is a certain risk, payment or not on the foreigner's own. Nominal bill of lading also lost the "proof of property" effect.
2, which countries can be without the original bill of lading can pick up the goods?
Not all countries can be no (bearer bill of lading) original lading.
At present the world's mainstream legal system has two kinds, common law and civil law system. Only the common law system, in the past that the bill of lading is not a certificate of title. So the common law system of countries prone to the phenomenon of private lifting under the bill of lading.
Common law system countries are:
The United States, Canada, Britain, Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, the Bahamas, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Cyprus, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, and more.
When in doubt, one can check online whether this foreigner belongs to a common law country.
However, even in common law countries (including the United Kingdom), some jurisprudence has emerged in recent years, which holds that a bearer bill of lading is also a document of title. The fact that it is jurisprudence that is law in the common law system can be seen as a turnaround. In spite of this, it is still necessary to be cautious, after all, prevention is the mainstay, in case of accidents, even if the lawsuit won, for the vast majority of small and medium-sized export enterprises are not worth the loss. What's more, it is not necessarily win, some veteran foreign investors are very easy to turn the lawsuit into a commercial dispute, pulling the rug out from under them for a few years.
Therefore, for foreigners who are not familiar with, especially D/P, it is best to use the bill of lading in the name of caution. In fact, the bearer of the name, in the serious business operations will not bring too much inconvenience to foreigners.
3, the forwarder bill of lading and the shipowner bill of lading is the same thing?
We are in the actual operation, will encounter two types of bills of lading: shipowner bills of lading and freight forwarding bills of lading. Shipowner, that is, they have their own ocean-going freighter freight company. The cost of an ocean freighter is not expensive, have their own ocean-going fleet of companies is naturally strong. In a sense, such a company is also more *, because they do long-term business is more concerned about the reputation, will not be a small profit and self-destruction, relatively speaking, the operation is more formal. Another freight forwarding company is a freight forwarder, referred to as freight forwarder. Freight forwarders do not have their own ship, in a sense, the nature of the ordinary trading company is almost the same. After they solicit goods, and then get together with the shipowner to booking. We might as well see the difference and relationship between shipowners and freight forwarders as wholesalers and retailers, commodities are ocean freighter "slots". The shipowner wholesales the space to the freight forwarder, and the freight forwarder retails the space to us.
It is not difficult to imagine, although the shipowner is secure, but after all, it is inevitable that "the shop is big and presses the customer" some, in the flexibility of service and the degree of attentiveness is often not as good as the freight forwarder. Freight forwarders are numerous and widely distributed, and we do foreign trade communication is very convenient, but also more willing to co-operate with our operations, especially the above mentioned similar to the "inverted bill of lading" such a special operation. Therefore, in practice, we deal with the freight forwarder more common.
On the surface, the shipowner's bill of lading and forwarder's bill of lading is similar to the effectiveness of the original bill of lading we sold to the foreign businessmen, foreign businessmen with the bill of lading to take the goods. In fact, there are differences. First of all, the bill of lading itself is a "transport contract", the freight forwarder bill of lading to us, is equal to sign a contract of carriage. The bill of lading of the shipowner, is a contract between us and the shipowner, and the bill of lading of the freight forwarder is not. We give the goods to the freight forwarder, the freight forwarder to the shipowner, the freight forwarder and the shipowner have a carriage agreement, the shipowner is only responsible for the freight forwarder and will not be responsible for our owner, because in the operation of the bill of lading, for the shipowner, the freight forwarder is the "owner of the goods"....
Therefore, with the bill of lading of the shipowner, you can pick up the goods directly at the port of destination; while the bill of lading of the freight forwarder can not, you need to take the bill of lading of the freight forwarder to the port agent to "change the bill", that is, according to the bill of lading of the freight forwarder to issue a notice of pickup, and then go to pick up the goods. Of course, for us to pick up the consignor, this is ostensibly just one more procedure, does not affect the pick up of goods, not a risk. On the contrary, we can use this point to better control property rights. For example, we give the forwarder bill of lading to the customer, suddenly found that the customer has fraudulent behaviour, may not pay, then we can ask the forwarder to help, notify the destination agent to "withhold" the goods, so that even if the foreigners with the forwarder bill of lading can not be picked up the goods temporarily, to give us valuable time (no official reason, the destination port is not convenient) (Without formal reasons, the port of destination is not able to forcibly detain the goods, can only be delayed for a few days, but for foreign trade disputes, this delay is very favourable to the exporter).
In short, if something happens to the cargo transport itself, we pursue the responsibility of the freight forwarding company, it is clear that the strong shipowners are more capable of being responsible than ordinary freight forwarders. Usually, the freight forwarder can cooperate with us more than the shipowner, and the freight forwarder's help is crucial in the flexible handling of bills of lading and the prevention of commercial fraud. In addition, the freight forwarder's transport price is also very advantageous, often with discounts.
The operation difference between MBL and HBL: MBL is the bill of lading of the shipping company; HBL is the bill of lading of the freight forwarder.
1. SHIPPER passes the consignment note to FORWARDER, write down whether it is a full container or a LCL. 2. FORWARDER books the cabin to the shipping company, and after the ship is ON BOARD, the shipping company issues MBL to FORWARDER. The shipping company issues MBL to the FORWARDER, the SHIPPER of MBL is the FORWARDER at the port of origin, and the CNEE is generally the branch or agent of the FORWARDER at the port of destination. 3. FOWARDER signs HBL to the SHIPPER, the SHIPPER of HBL is the real owner, and the CNEE is generally the TO-ORDER of the L/C. 4. CARRIER passes the consignment note to the FORWARDER, stating whether it is a FCL or LCL. 5. CARRIER delivers the goods to the port of destination after the ship has sailed. 5. FORWARDER sends the MBL to the branch office of the port of destination through DHL/UPS/TNT, etc. (INCLUDING: CUSTOMER). (INCLUDING: CUSTOM CLEARANCE DOCS) 6. SHIPPER gets the bill of lading, and then delivers it to the domestic negotiating bank within the delivery period, and settles the foreign exchange. If you do T/TSHPPER directly send documents to foreign customers. 7. negotiating bank to the full set of documents to the issuing bank to settle the foreign exchange. 8. CNEE to the issuing bank to pay the redemption. 9. FORWARDER take MBL to the shipping company to change the bill of lading, customs clearance. 10.
10. CNEE takes HBL to FORWARDER to pick up the goods."
