"1, container type distinction and introduction
The continuous development of container transport, in order to adapt to the needs of loading different kinds of goods, and thus the emergence of different kinds of containers. Today and everyone together to summarise.
Classification according to the use of materials
According to the main parts of the box (side walls, end walls, box tops, etc.) what material is used, it is called what material manufactured containers, according to the use of material classification, containers can be divided into three kinds:
(1) aluminium alloy container, the advantages of light weight, beautiful appearance, corrosion resistance, good flexibility, easy processing and processing costs, low repair costs, long service life; disadvantages are high cost, poor welding performance;
(2) steel containers, the advantages are high strength, firm structure, high weldability, good watertightness, low price; the disadvantage is the weight, poor corrosion resistance;
(3) glass fibre reinforced plastic container, the advantages are high strength, good rigidity, large volume of content, heat insulation, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, easy to clean, easy to repair; disadvantages are heavy weight, easy to aging, screwing bolts at the reduction of strength.
Classification by structure
According to the structure classification container can be divided into three categories:
(1) within the post type (linterior post type container) and outside the post type container (outsider post type container), mainly refers to the aluminium alloy container, within the post type container refers to the side columns (or end columns) is located in the inverted wall or within the end wall; Outside the post type container refers to the side columns (or end columns) is located in the inverted wall or outside the end wall;
(2) folding container (collapseside container), refers to the container's main components (side walls, end walls and box top) can be simply folded or decomposition, and can be easily reassembled when used again;
(2) thin shell container (monocoque container), is all the parts of a steel body, it has the advantage of light weight, can adapt to the torsion occurred without causing permanent deformation.
Classification according to the purpose of use
1、Ordinary container
Ordinary containers, also known as dry containers (dry container) to ship groceries, usually used to ship cultural goods, daily necessities, medicine, textiles, handicrafts, chemical products, hardware and electrical appliances, electronic machinery, instruments and machine parts and so on. This container accounts for 70 ~ 80% of the total number of containers. In addition to frozen goods, live animals, plants, in terms of size, weight and other aspects of suitable for container transport of goods, can use dry containers.
2、Refrigerated container
Refrigerated container (reefer container) is divided into two kinds of external and built-in. The temperature can be adjusted between -60℃? ~ +30 ℃ between the adjustment. Built-in container in the transport process can be started at will freezer, so that the container to maintain the specified temperature; and external type must rely on container special vehicles, ships and special yards, stations equipped with freezers to cooling. This kind of box is suitable for transporting butter, chocolate, frozen fish, condensed milk, margarine and other items in summer.
3、Open top container
Open top container, also known as open top container, open top cabinet (open top container), this container does not have a box top, but there can be folded top beam support canvas, plastic cloth or plastic coated cloth made of canopy, can be used to load and unload cargo from the top of the crane, open top box top can be opened or no fixed item surface of the container, shipping with tarpaulin cover the top of the watertight requirements and the same as a dry cargo container. Suitable for loading glass panels, steel products, machinery and other heavy cargo.
4、Frame container
Frame containers (flat rack container) without box top and sides, which is characterised by loading and unloading from the side of the container. To super-heavy cargo as the main object of transport, but also to facilitate the loading of livestock, as well as such as steel and so on can be exempted from the outer packaging of the bare goods. Can also facilitate the lifting of large ultra-wide, ultra-high cargo.
5, livestock containers
Livestock container (pen container) the side of this box with metal mesh, good ventilation, and easy to feed. Is designed for the shipment of cattle, horses and other movable objects and the manufacture of special containers.
6, tank container
Tank container (tank container), also known as liquid container. Is for the transport of food, medicine, chemicals and other liquid goods and special containers. Its structure is in a metal frame fixed on a liquid tank. International standard tank is a kind of stainless steel pressure vessel installed in the fastened external frame. The inner lining of the tank is mostly made of 316 stainless steel. Most of the tanks have steam or electric heating devices, inert gas protection devices, pressure reducing devices and other optional equipment required for the transport and handling of fluids.
7, platform container
Platform container (platform container) shape similar to the railway flatbed car, is a high load-bearing capacity of the bottom and no upper structure of the container. Suitable for loading super heavy and long goods, the length of up to 6 metres or more, more than 4 metres wide, 4.5 metres high, the weight of up to 40 metric tons. And two platform containers can be linked up, loaded with 80 tonnes of goods, with this box is extremely convenient for transporting cars.
8, ventilation container
Ventilated container (ventilated container) Ventilated container (ventilated container) box wall with 4-6 ventilation holes, the inner wall coated with plastic layer, suitable for loading fresh vegetables and fruits, such as fear of heat and fear of stuffy goods.
9, thermal insulation container
Thermal insulation container (insulated container) box has a heat insulation layer, the top of the box and can be adjusted to the angle of the inlet and outlet, the use of outside air and wind direction to regulate the temperature inside the box, closed tightly in a certain period of time from the outside air temperature. Suitable for shipping temperature and humidity sensitive goods.
10、Bulk Container
Bulk containers (bulk container) generally at the top with 2-3 small hatch, in order to load. The bottom has a lifting frame, can be raised to 40 ° angle of inclination, in order to unload. This box is suitable for loading grain, cement and other bulk goods. If you want to carry out phytosanitary, but also in the box fumigation cabin steaming.
11, bulk powder cargo container
? Bulk powder cargo container (freeflowing bulk material container) and bulk box is basically the same, but the use of loading and unloading nozzle and straw.
12, hanging container
Hanging container (dress hanger container) is suitable for shipping clothing goods container. With the development of international trade, the commodity structure continues to change, there will be a variety of different types of special-purpose or multi-use containers.
Internationally commonly used dry containers
1, the outer size of 20 feet X 8 feet X 8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container;
2、40 feet X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container;
3、40 feet X8 feet X9 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40 feet container (more often used in recent years).
20-foot container: internal volume of 5.94m X 2.34m X 2.39m, gross weight of up to 28.25 tonnes, volume of 33 cubic metres.
40-foot container: the internal volume is 12.06m X 2.34m X 2.39m, the maximum gross weight of the cargo is 28.8 tonnes, the volume is 67 cubic metres.
40 feet tall container: internal volume is 12.06m X 2.34m X 2.69m. The maximum gross weight of cargo is 30.2 tonnes and the volume is 76 cubic metres.
45 feet tall container: internal volume: 13.5m X 2.34m X 2.71m, gross weight up to 27.7 tonnes, volume of 85 cubic metres.
20-foot open top container: internal volume is 5.89m X 2.32m X 2.31m, gross weight is 20 tonnes, volume is 31.5 cubic metres.
40-foot open top container: the content area is 12.01m X2.33m X2.15m, the gross weight of cargo is 30.4 tonnes, the volume is 65 cubic metres.
20-foot flat-bottomed container: 5.85m X 2.23m X 2.15m, gross weight 23 tonnes, volume 28 cubic metres.
40-foot flat-bottomed container: internal volume of 12.05m X 2.12m X 1.96m, gross weight of 36 tonnes, volume of 50 cubic metres.
2, container container size, estimate the size of the small method of packing!
Practical tips! Estimate the size of the small method of packing
? The following are some of the most useful tips for estimating the size of a container The most important thing is that you can estimate the size of the container. Many people ask how to accurately estimate the packing size? In fact, the method is very simple, know this small method, as a foreign trade company salesman, you do not have to wait for a packing size of the factory for half a day did not give over and dry anxious.
Take a coil notebook as an example, if you know the specification of the book is A5 size, 250gsm White Card Cover, 70gsm offset paper * 60 sheets.
At this time you only know this information, there is no physical hand, even the size and weight of individual products do not know, how to calculate?
First, determine the individual weight of the product
A5 size is about 21cm * 14.8cm
gsm is the meaning of grams / square metre
Single weight
= 0.21 * 0.148 * 70 * 60 + 0.21 * 0.148 * 250 * 2 + 15 = about 160g
(According to the grams of paper and the number of sheets to calculate the weight of the inner pages and the cover, and then estimate the weight of a coil)
Second, then determine the amount of each box
The gross weight of the outer box does not exceed 15kgs, for example.
We can calculate according to the net weight of 12kgs or so, 12000/160 = 75 (may be many times customers like to pack according to the call, it is more reasonable to pack 72 per box, of course, if you do not want to provide the middle of the box, you can also be directly according to the 48 an outer box, the specific need to refer to the characteristics of your own products to decide)
Third, determine the size of the carton
The vast majority of cases, we will know the size of their products, in this example, the length and width of the notebook are known, but do not know the thickness, that can only be the first estimate, such as 60 sheets of the inner pages of the coil, we press the thickness of 6mm or so, taking into account the diameter of the coil will be higher than the thickness of the book, that we packaged is generally two books two books put against each other, then we can press the thickness of the single book About 7mm to calculate.
If it is 12 books an inner box, then the inner box size this calculation:
Product size: 21cm x 14.8cm x 0.7cm
Inner box size: +1 ? ? x ? +1 ? ? ? ?x ? *12+1
? ? ? ? ? =: 22cm ?x 16cm ? ? x 9.5cm
After stacking the products, the size of the inner box is generally length, width and height plus 1cm each.
Outer box size: (in this case, there will be 6 inner boxes in one outer box, here if we calculate according to 3 layers and 2 rows)
Inner box size: 22cm x 16cm x 9.5cm
Outer box size: +2 ? ? ?x *2+2 ?x *3+3
? ? ? ? ? =: 24cm ?x 34cm ?x 31.5cm
That means the size of the outer box is 34 x 24cm x 31.5cm.
After stacking the inner box, the general size of the outer box is 2cm for length and width and 3cm for height.
Gross weight: 160*72g+2kg inner box and outer box weight=about 13.5kgs.
Remarks
(1) This method is, after all, an estimate, than the size and weight of the trial assembly out of the size and weight will certainly be different, so it is only recommended that the conditions do not allow the use of trial assembly.
(2) Some irregularly shaped products, in the calculation of the size of the inner box, pay attention to consider how to place the product is reasonable, for example, you may want to consider 2 products inserted in order to save space, this time the unit size should be 2 products placed together after the size of the accounting.
(3) If you know clearly the individual product size and weight, then skip directly to Article 1 and then look.
3, 30 practical knowledge of the container!
1, large cabinets, small cabinets, double back is what is referred to
Large container generally refers to 40-foot container, usually refers to 40GP and 40HQ. 45-foot container is usually considered to belong to the special cabinet.
Small cabinets generally refer to 20-foot container, usually refers to 20GP.
Double back refers to two 20ft containers. For example, a trailer pulls two 20-foot containers at the same time; when port lifting, two 20-foot containers are lifted to the ship at one time.
2、What does LCL mean? What about the whole box?
LCL (Less than Container Load) refers to a container with more than one owner of the goods, loaded less than a full container of small quantities of goods is LCL goods, in accordance with the LCL (LCL - LCL) to operate.
Full container (Full Container Load) refers to a container with only one owner or manufacturer of goods, can be filled with one or more full container of larger quantities of goods is a full container of goods, in accordance with the full container of goods (FCL-FCL) to operate.
3, what are the common specifications of the container
40-foot high-cabinet (40HC): 40 feet long, 9 feet 6 inches high; about 12.192 metres long, 2.9 metres high, 2.35 metres wide, generally loaded about 68CBM.
40-foot container (40GP): 40 feet long, 8 feet 6 inches high; about 12.192 metres long, 2.6 metres high, 2.35 metres wide, generally loaded about 58CBM.
20-foot container (20GP): 20 feet long, 8 feet 6 inches high; about 6.096 metres long, 2.6 metres high, 2.35 metres wide, generally loaded about 28CBM.
45 feet tall container (45HC): 45 feet long, 9 feet 6 inches high; about 13.716 metres long, 2.9 metres high, 2.35 metres wide, generally loaded about 75CBM.
4, what is the difference between high cabinets and general cabinets
Higher than the general cabinet 1 feet (a foot is equal to 30.44cm). Regardless of the high or general cabinet, the length and width are the same.
5、What is the weight of the box? Heavy box it
Self-weight of the box: the weight of the box itself. 20GP's self-weight is about 1.7 tonnes, 40GP's self-weight is about 3.4 tonnes.
Heavy box: is the box loaded with goods, as opposed to the empty box / gi box.
6, empty box or Yoshi box is what is referred to
A box that is not loaded is called an empty box. In South China, especially Guangdong, Hong Kong, empty box is usually also called Ji box, because in Cantonese, empty and evil homophonic, inauspicious, so South China is not called empty box, called Ji box. The so-called lift the heavy box is to extract the empty box, pull to load the goods, and then return the loaded heavy box.
7, what is back heavy box? Drop heavy box it
Back heavy box: refers to the field station back heavy box to the manufacturer or logistics warehouse unloading (generally refers to the import).
Drop heavy box: It means that the heavy box is dropped back to the station after loading at the manufacturer or logistics warehouse (generally refers to the port).
8、What does empty container mean? What does empty container mean?
Back empty box: refers to the field station back empty box to the manufacturer or logistics warehouse loading (usually pointed out).
Dropped empty box: It refers to the unloading of the goods in the factory or logistics warehouse to the field station to drop the box (usually refers to the import).
9、DC stands for what type of container
DC refers to dry container (Dry Container), 20GP, 40GP, 40HQ and other cabinets are dry containers.
10、OT represents what type of container
OT is the abbreviation of Open Top, refers to the open top cabinet, that is, there is no box top only a tent at the top of the box cabinet.
11、What does half-open door mean?
Half side of the open door container.
12、What is the bill of lading number?
Usually is the freight forwarder to give you back box number, may be the shipowner single (MBL) of the single number, may also be the freight forwarder single (HBL) of the single number, generally according to the ship name / voyage and bill of lading number to back box, that is, the extraction of empty boxes or heavy boxes.
13、What is the box/cabinet number?
Refers to the container number, this number is globally unique, consisting of four letters and seven numbers, of which the first three letters are the box owner (shipping company or chartering company) code, the fourth letter are U, followed by six numbers is the serial number, the last number is the check code. The box number usually ask the driver to ask, because the driver to pick up the box to know the box number, customs clearance, making a single, enter the warehouse receipts have to use the box number.
14、What is the seal number?
It refers to the number of the seal that locks the container door, the seal is generally provided by the shipping company, you need to spend money to buy, usually 50 yuan.
15、What does export cargo mean
Carrying empty containers to manufacturers or logistics warehouses for loading, and then declared for export.
16、Import cargo is what
After the import customs clearance, it is unloaded from the station to the manufacturer or the designated place.
17、What does empty driving mean
It refers to the car to the manufacturer or logistics warehouse, due to various reasons can not be loaded and the empty box pulled back to the station.
18、What does dumping mean?
It refers to pulling the box from this yard to another yard, or not taking the box in the order of top to bottom, but moving the top box to extract the box pressed underneath. Designated box number or customs inspection is more likely to occur in this case.
19、What does container yard mean
Usually refers to the place where the boxes are stacked and managed on or near the terminal, and the driver usually goes to the terminal to carry the boxes. Correspondingly, there is a thing called station receipt, station and driver handover between the container with the station receipt to handle.
20、What is on the bill of lading in general
The bill of lading on the contents of the bill of lading number, ship name voyage, box weight, cargo description, number of pieces, gross weight, volume, number of boxes, the issuer and signature and so on.
21、What should be noted when sending work
Speak with the owner of the export or import, box type, box volume, weight, location, station and to agreement, to the factory time, box special requirements.
22、Write the dispatch list should pay attention to what problems
To write as standardised and clear as possible, because some drivers simply do not know the English alphabet, ship name, voyage, bill of lading number, station, time of arrival, manufacturer's address, contact phone number, special requirements of the box and manufacturer's special requirements must be written clearly. Invoice head should also be written clearly, do not let the driver open the wrong head. In addition, we should also pay attention to the problems written on it, such as some goods on the cabinet requirements are particularly stringent, must be clear with the driver, so as not to produce the cost at that time can not be clear with the driver.
23、What is the equipment handover sheet
When exporting the box, you have to play a single first, and then get a one-type multi-linked "equipment handover sheet", the driver with this equipment handover sheet to pick up the box, out of the station, into the station, return the box.
24、What time will the export box be released at the yard?
Usually 10:00, but generally to 9:00 to do a single place there is no one, so send the import work must be rushed back at 8:00 or so, because the driver has to first drop box.
25、What does overload mean? Overweight
Overloading: generally refers to the tonnage of goods loaded on the car more than the vehicle's weight limit; overloading: generally refers to the tonnage of goods loaded on the car more than the weight limit.
Overweight: generally refers to the loaded cargo tonnage exceeds the container weight limit.
26、Packing and unpacking what is referred to
Boxing (loading) is to carry an empty box to load.
Unloading (unloading) is to carry heavy boxes to the manufacturer to unload.
27, heavy to go back to what
It means pulling the goods to go and then pulling the goods back, not empty return, not empty driving.
28、What is the charge of remembering the weight?
High-speed toll gate "weight charges" means that according to the weight and tonnage of the car toll.
29、What is the damage fee?
Refers to the imported boxes found after unloading the box has broken and the costs incurred.
30、What is the washing fee
It refers to the cost of washing the box when the box is found to be unclean."
