Basic knowledge and points to note
1. The bill of lading is usually in three copies, or two copies. If the letter of credit has requirements, it should be specially explained with the forwarder.
T/T payment method, in theory, only one original can be (after the withdrawal of the other original automatically invalid, the copy can not be withdrawn), T/T received all the money, the original to the customer to send the original can be considered to stay in a copy of the original, the other all sent to the customer (so as to avoid the bill of lading lost in the way of sending).
2. The front of the bill of lading to show the carrier (full name). This is to know the content of the understanding, the actual letter of credit, the bank told me that the bill of lading does not show the carrier is still safe to hand over the bill of collection (so theoretically it should be shown).
If the carrier is shown on the front, the lower right corner of the carrier's stamp and signature.
If the carrier is not shown on the front and the bill of lading is signed by the transport company, the identity of the signatory will be indicated when signing the bill of lading.
The full name of the carrier is shown on the front but the bill of lading signed by the transport company, the identity of the transport company should be indicated when signing.
3. Shipmented bill of lading and ready-to-ship bill of lading:
Ship-ready bill of lading: the bill of lading issued after the goods are loaded on the ship.
Shipping bill of lading: the goods are not loaded when issued only on behalf of the carrier to take over the goods delivered by the shipper, so the bill of lading can not prove that the goods are loaded on board the ship (shipping bill of lading date is not loading period).
When the shipping bill of lading stamped "has been loaded" at the same time indicate the time of loading can be transformed into a bill of lading has been loaded.
4 The bill of lading can not have unclean endorsement. 5.
5. The consignee and notifier of the bill of lading must be filled out in strict accordance with the letter of credit.
6 bill of lading issued, date and number of copies: bill of lading must be issued by the carrier or captain or their agents, and should clearly indicate the identity of the issuer. The general expression: CARRIER, CAPTAIN, or "AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIER: XXX" and so on.
7. for the bill of lading printed on the name of the shipping company (carrier), generally on the side of the freight forwarder will play on the as agent for the carrier. if the bill of lading is not printed on the name of the shipping company, there should be a shipping company's seal signature (your ticket should be signed by the carrier bill of lading of the shipping company, right?)
8. Letter of credit and bill of lading related inconsistencies: bill of lading does not show the carrier. Checked, the official explanation is this: in accordance with the provisions of Article 23, paragraph 1 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, the bill of lading must indicate on the surface of the carrier's name, and signed by the carrier, or as the carrier's named agent or representative, or otherwise confirmed, or by the captain, or as the captain's named agent or representative, signed or otherwise confirmed.
9. bill of lading issuer can be divided into: FREIGHT FORWARDER B / L refers to the international carriage of goods, but does not own the ship so that the bill of lading issued by the transport company.ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING, commonly known as the sea bill.
L/C payment conditions of each document production time order
Contract ---> L/C issuance ---> invoice (invoice date should be noted earlier than the date of delivery and the validity of the letter of credit, commercial invoices on the date can not be earlier than the letter of credit on the opening date) (The date of invoice should be earlier than the delivery date and the validity period of the letter of credit, and the date of commercial invoice should not be earlier than the date of the letter of credit, and the date of invoice should be at the top of the documents) --> certificate of origin (the date of certificate of origin should be the same as the date of invoice. Application for certificate of origin can be made on the day of invoice or after the application, the date of issue will be equal to or later than the invoice date), insurance policy, packing list, export licence, commodity inspection, other inspection certificates ---> shipping company certificate (if necessary) ---> bill of lading date ---> bill of exchange (the date of the bill of exchange should be earlier than the date of delivery and validity of the letter of credit), the beneficiary certificate (some letters of credit do not have a beneficiary certificate, the documents required to be involved in the requirements), notice of loading (equal to or later than three days after the date of the bill of lading), the shipping notice (equal to) (or later than three days after the bill of lading date) anyway, those documents that need to pay the single date of information must be earlier than the date of delivery.
The above time order is basically consistent with the entire foreign trade process, complete a single after the details of the entire process is clear.
Bill of lading classification
Bill of lading is divided into the following three bills of lading:
A bill of lading (straight B / L), that is, the consignee's name bill of lading. China's "Maritime Law" provides that the bill of lading shall not be transferable, the carrier must deliver the goods to the consignee stated in the bill of lading.
Nominal bill of lading in the international maritime trade is not widely used, generally only in the delivery of personal effects, exhibits. (The first TT consignee is directly in the customer's name, not realising the potential danger: never make a named bill of lading without security of collection.)
In many countries, the consignee of a named bill of lading can take delivery of the goods without a bill of lading, so the bill of lading has effectively lost control of the goods. Just like the air waybill, the consignee can take delivery of the goods with proof of identity. Even if the letter of credit settlement, the issuing bank are not willing to accept the bill of lading, so the general letter of credit are stipulated as: TO ORDER such a blank head of the bill of lading, and thus to control and master the right of goods.
Therefore, not only one-sided remember the non-transferable nature of the bill of lading, but also remember that "the consignee of the bill of lading can not bill of lading can take delivery, so the bill of lading has actually lost the role of the right of goods." This is a crucial point! The concept must be remembered comprehensively, so as not to bring errors and losses to the work. Therefore, if only 30% of the payment, and is after the T / T 70% of the collection method, made into a designated consignee bill of lading, that is, the bill of lading, once the customer's bad reputation does not pay, it will be possible to meet the payment, the goods of two empty situation. Of course, if the customer has confidence and certainty of collection, it is another story.
Second, bearer bill of lading (Open B/L (Blank B/L, Bearer B/L)), that is, the bill of lading consignee column does not list the name. Such bills of lading can be transferred without endorsement, the carrier releases the goods on the basis of the bill.
Bearer bill of lading does not list the name of the consignee of the bill of lading, who holds the bill of lading, who can be bill of lading to the carrier to withdraw the goods, the carrier delivery is based on the single does not rely on people.
The bill of lading in the consignee column is indicated: To the order
Third, the bill of lading, that is, according to the bill of lading instructions set out in the instructions of the delivery of goods bill of lading. Is the current international trade is usually used in the bill of lading.
1, with the bank instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of xx Bank".
2, with the consignee instructions. That is, the bill of lading consignee column filled out as "to the order of A.B.C. Co. Ltd".
3、With the consignor's instruction. That is, the bill of lading consignee column fill in "to the order of shipper", and by the shipper in the back of the bill of lading blank endorsement. This bill of lading can also be made under the provisions of the letter of credit into a registered endorsement. The consignee may not make endorsement, in this case only the shipper can pick up the goods, that is, the seller retains ownership of the goods.
And the so-called release of goods without a bill of lading, refers to the carrier does not deliver the goods with the original bill of lading behaviour.
At present, for the instructions of the bill of lading and bearer bill of lading, the carrier must release the goods with the original bill of lading, the carrier did not release the goods with the original bill of lading, regardless of which party the goods are released to the legitimate holder of the original bill of lading can be pursued by the carrier for the release of goods without a single breach of contract. This point in our maritime judicial practice are unified. But in the case of the bill of lading, if the carrier did not deliver the goods to the original bill of lading, the legal holder of the bill of lading to the carrier to claim breach of contract? At present, both theory and practice have a negative tendency.
To sum up, the domestic cargo owner unit should fully understand the danger of the bearer bill of lading, the trade buyer requesting the issuance of the bearer bill of lading as the consignee can not be arbitrarily agreed to ensure that in the case of the letter of credit and other means of settlement of foreign exchange is blocked, the carrier without a bill of lading to pursue the breach of contract liability.
The form of bill of lading issuance
1. Electric release: need to provide the original "electric release letter of guarantee". Letter of Guarantee is to issue an affirmation that this batch of goods what things to put to which of your customers, and then below the official seal, passed to the freight forwarder, the rest do not have to worry about. (Of course, the premise of electric release is safe collection! Generally, the former TT received money before electric discharge), bill of lading confirmation, shipment, waiting for the forwarder to copy the bill of lading back, and then passed to the customer can be. 2. bill of lading: 3-4 days after the shipment (when the customer in us and other factories booked the same cabinet, for convenience and safety, can be divided into bills of lading, each to the customer to send over.) 3. Combined bill of lading: same as above
4. off-site release: subject to the consent of the shipping company.
Container loading
1. door-to-door: that is, book the cabin to the freight forwarder, make an appointment, then the freight forwarder will send a fleet to your factory, or a designated place to load the goods, and then return to the port.
2. Inside loading: it means that the factory will send the goods directly to the warehouse of the forwarder, and then they will help you to pull the goods into the harbour area, and the cargo owner has no right to send the goods directly into the harbour area.
(Source: Shipping Network)
