"The process of exporting goods mainly includes: quotation, ordering, payment methods, preparation, packaging, customs clearance procedures, shipment, transport insurance, bill of lading, foreign exchange settlement.
1, quote: in the process of international trade, the first step is the product inquiry, quotation. Among them, the offer for export products mainly include: the quality level of the product, product specifications, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the amount of purchased products, the amount of delivery requirements, the mode of transport, product materials and other content. The more commonly used offers are: FOB ship delivery, CNF cost plus freight, CIF cost, insurance premiums plus freight and other forms.
2、Ordering: After both sides of the trade reached an agreement on the offer, the buyer formally order and some related matters with the seller to negotiate with the enterprise, the two sides agreed to sign the "Purchase Contract". In the process of signing the Purchase Contract, mainly on the name of the goods, specifications, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipment period, payment terms, settlement, claims, arbitration and other content of the negotiations, and the agreement reached after the negotiations written into the Purchase Contract. This marks the official start of the export business. Usually, the signing of the purchase contract in duplicate by the two sides to stamp the official seal of the company to take effect, both sides to keep a copy.
3、Payment Methods: There are three commonly used international payment methods, i.e. L/C payment method, TT payment method and direct payment method.
(1) Letter of credit payment method: Letter of credit is divided into two categories: Bills of credit and documentary letter of credit. Documentary letter of credit refers to the letter of credit with specified documents, without any documents attached to the letter of credit is called a bare letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a security document that guarantees the exporter's recovery of payment for the goods. Please note that the period of shipment of exported goods should be carried out within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the period of delivery of the letter of credit must be submitted no later than the validity date of the letter of credit. International trade in the majority of letters of credit as a payment method, the letter of credit should be clear, clear and complete opening date.
(2) TT payment method: TT payment method is to settle the payment by foreign exchange cash, your customer will remit the payment to the foreign exchange bank account specified by your company, and you can request the remittance of the payment within a certain period of time after the arrival of the goods.
(3) Direct payment method: It means that the buyer and seller pay for the direct delivery.
4、Preparation of goods: the preparation of goods in the entire trade process, play a pivotal role in the important position, must be implemented in accordance with the contract one by one. The main checks of stock preparation are as follows:
1. Goods quality, specifications, should be verified according to the requirements of the contract.
2. Quantity of goods: to ensure that the contract or letter of credit to meet the quantity requirements.
3. Cargo preparation time: it should be arranged according to the L/C and combined with the shipment schedule to facilitate the connection of shipment and cargo.
5. Packaging: the packaging form can be selected according to the different goods (e.g. carton, wooden box, woven bag, etc.). Different forms of packaging requirements are different.
1. General export packaging standards: according to the general standards for trade and export packaging.
2. Special export packaging standards: according to the customer's special requirements for export goods packaging.
3. Packaging and marking of goods (transport marking): should be carefully checked and verified, so that it is in line with the provisions of the letter of credit.
6, customs clearance procedures: customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and extremely important, such as not successfully clear customs can not complete the transaction.
1 is a statutory inspection of export commodities must do export commodity inspection certificate. At present, China's import and export commodity inspection work there are four main links:
Acceptance of inspection: inspection refers to foreign trade relations with the commodity inspection agency to report for inspection.
Sampling: Commodity Inspection Agency to accept the inspection, and promptly send staff to the location of the storage of goods for on-site inspection, identification.
Inspection: the commodity inspection agency to accept the inspection, carefully study the declaration of the test items, to determine the content of the test. And carefully review the contract (letter of credit) on the quality, specifications, packaging regulations, to find out the basis of the test, to determine the test standards, methods. (Inspection methods include sampling, instrumental analysis; physical testing; sensory testing; microbiological testing, etc.)
Issuance of certificates: in the export, where included in the export of goods in the (type table〗), by the commodity inspection agency after passing the test, the issuance of a release order (or in the export of goods on the customs declaration stamped release, in lieu of a release order).
2. shall be held by a professional customs clearance certificate personnel, holding a packing list, invoices, customs clearance power of attorney, export settlement and cancellation of bills of lading, copies of contracts for export goods, export commodity inspection certificates and other texts to go to the Customs and Excise Department for customs clearance procedures.
Packing list: the packing details of export products provided by the exporter.
Invoice: proof of export products provided by the exporter.
Power of Attorney for Customs Declaration (electronic): the unit or individual without the ability to declare customs entrusted to the customs broker to declare the certificate.
Export cancellation slip: applied by the export unit to the foreign exchange bureau, refers to the export capacity of the unit to obtain an export tax rebate a document.
Commodity inspection certificate: after the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency inspection and qualified and obtained, is a variety of import and export commodity inspection certificate, identification certificate and other certificates. Foreign trade parties to perform contractual obligations, dealing with claims, disputes and arbitration, litigation evidence, with a legal basis for effective documents, but also customs clearance, collection of customs duties and preferential tariff reductions and exemptions of the necessary proof.
7. Ship loading: In the process of ship loading, you can decide the way of ship loading according to the amount of goods, and insure the goods according to the types of insurance stipulated in the Purchase Contract. Optional: Whole container container (also known as cargo container) types:
(1) according to the specifications of size: at present, the international commonly used dry containers (DRYCONTAINER) are: the outer dimensions of 20 feet X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container; 40 feet X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container; and in recent years, more use of 40 feet X8 feet X9 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container. 20-foot container: the inner volume is 5.69m X 2.13m X 2.18m, with a gross weight of 17.5 tonnes and a volume of 24-26 cubic metres. 40-foot container: the internal volume is 11.8m X2.13m X2.18m, the gross weight of cargo is generally 22 tonnes, the volume is 54 cubic metres. 40-foot tall container: the internal volume is 11.8m X2.13m X2.72m. The gross weight of the cargo is generally 22 tonnes, the volume is 68 cubic metres.45-foot high-bay container: the content area is: 13.58m X2.34m X2.71m, the gross weight of the cargo is generally 29 tonnes, the volume is 86 cubic metres.20-foot open-topped container: the content area is 5.89m X2.32m X2.31m, the gross weight of the cargo is 20 tonnes, the volume is 31.5 cubic metres.40-foot open-top container: the content area is 40-foot open top container: content area is 12.01m X2.33m X2.15m, gross weight 30.4t, volume 65m3. 20-foot flat bottom container: content area is 5.85m X2.23m X2.15m, gross weight 23t, volume 28m3. 40-foot flat bottom container: content area is 12.05m X2.12m X1.96m, gross weight 36t, volume 50m3.
(2) According to the box material: aluminium containers, steel containers, fibreboard containers, glass fiber reinforced plastic containers.
(3) According to the use of points: there are dry containers; refrigerated containers (REEFER CONTAINER); hanging containers (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER); open top containers (OPENTOP CONTAINER); frame containers (FLAT RACK CONTAINER); tanks containers (TANK CONTAINER). CONTAINER).
Packing container: Packing container, generally according to the volume of export goods cargo weight calculation of freight.
8, transport insurance: usually both sides in the signing of the "purchase contract" has been agreed in advance transport insurance related matters. Common insurance is marine cargo transport insurance, land and air cargo transport insurance. Among them, the marine transport cargo insurance terms and conditions of insurance, divided into two categories of basic insurance and additional insurance:
(1) The basic insurance has three kinds, namely, Free from Paricular Average-F.P.A., Water Damage (With Average or With Particular Average-W.A or W.P.A) and All Risk-A.R.. The scope of liability of P&I insurance includes: total loss of goods due to natural disasters at sea; total loss of goods during loading, unloading and transshipment; sacrifice, contribution and salvage costs due to common sea loss; total and partial loss of goods due to reefing, grounding, sinking, collision, flooding and explosion of transport vessels. Water damage insurance is one of the basic insurance of marine transport insurance. According to the insurance terms and conditions of People's Insurance Company of China, its scope of responsibility not only covers the risks listed in P&I insurance, but also covers the risks of natural disasters such as bad weather, lightning, tsunami and flood. The scope of liability of all risks is equivalent to the sum of water damage insurance and general additional insurance.
(2) Additional insurance. There are two types of additional insurances: general additional insurances and special additional insurances. General additional insurances are theft of cargo without insurance, freshwater rain insurance, theft of short amount of insurance, leakage insurance, broken broken insurance, hook loss insurance, mixed staining insurance, packaging rupture insurance, mildew insurance, moisture and heat insurance, string of smell insurance and so on. Special additional insurances are war insurance, strike insurance.
9, bill of lading: bill of lading is the exporter for export clearance procedures, customs clearance, signed by the company, for importers to pick up the goods, the bill of lading used for foreign exchange settlement. Signed by the bill of lading issued under the letter of credit required number of copies, generally three. Exporters to stay two, for tax refunds and other business, one sent to the importer for pickup and other formalities for sea cargo, the importer must hold the original bill of lading, the bill of lading, invoices to pick up the goods. (The original bill of lading, packing list and invoice must be sent to the importer by the exporter.) If the goods are transported by air, the goods can be picked up directly with the facsimile of the bill of lading, packing list and invoice.
10、Clearance: After the exported goods are loaded out, the import and export company should correctly prepare (packing list, invoice, bill of lading, export certificate of origin, export clearance) and other documents in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. Within the validity period of the letter of credit, the documents should be submitted to the bank for negotiation and settlement of foreign exchange.
In addition to the use of letters of credit settlement, other payment remittance methods are generally telegraphic transfer (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), ticket transfer (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), letter remittance (MAIL TRANDFER (M/T)) and so on, as a result of the high-speed development of electronic remittances are now mainly used in the form of telegraphic transfer. (In China, enterprises exporting enjoy preferential policies on export tax rebate)"
