"AMS (Automated Manifest System, American Manifest System, Advanced Manifest System) is known as the American Manifest Entry System (AMES), also known as the 24-hour Manifest Forecast or the U.S. Customs Anti-Terrorism Manifest, and is a system that was established in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2002. originated in 2002, "911" terrorist attacks, the United States out of counter-terrorism needs to establish a system.
According to the regulations issued by the U.S. Customs, all goods exported to the U.S. or transiting through the U.S. to a third country must be declared to the U.S. Customs twenty-four hours prior to shipment. The freight forwarder who is closest to the direct exporter is required to send AMS information, which is sent directly to the U.S. Customs database through the use of the U.S. Customs designated system, and is automatically checked and responded to by the U.S. Customs system, which needs to be sent with the detailed information of the goods to the past, including the destination port of the gross weight and volume of the pieces of the number of items of the name of the case number of the shipowner's real consignee or consignor (FORWARDER does not count), and the corresponding code number. As well as the corresponding code number and so on. Waiting for the U.S. side said acceptance to ship, such as HB/L, the two copies should be sent to ....... Otherwise, the goods will not be able to board the ship.
? ? ? The origin of AMS: After the 9/11 terrorist attack in 2002, US Customs and Homeland Security registered this new customs rule on 31 October 2002, which came into effect on 2 December 2002, followed by a 60-day buffer period (non-fraudulent violations during the buffer period will not be held liable).
Who should send the AMS information? US Customs requires the forwarder closest to the direct exporter (NVOCC) to send the AMS information. The NOVCC that sends the AMS first needs to obtain the NVOCC qualification from the US FMC and at the same time needs to apply for the exclusive SCAC (Standard Carrier Alpha Code) from the US NMFTA (National Motor Freight Traffic Association) before sending the relevant data to the US Customs. to send the relevant data to the US Customs. During the sending process, NVOCC must have a complete and clear understanding of the relevant rules of the U.S. Customs and act in strict accordance with the relevant rules, which may lead to delays in customs clearance or even fines by the U.S. Customs.
How many days in advance should AMS information be sent? Because AMS is also called 24-hour manifest forecast, as the name implies, it is to send the manifest 24 hours in advance, 24 hours is not the standard of sailing time, it should be required to get the U.S. Customs' acknowledgement 24 hours before the box on board the ship (the forwarder gets the OK/1Y, and the shipping company or the terminal gets the 69), there is no regulation on how much time to send in advance, and it is useless to send it earlier without getting the correct acknowledgement.
In practice, the shipping company or the NVOCC will not be able to get the correct acknowledgement. Shipping company or NVOCC will be very early (shipping company generally three or four days in advance of the cut-off order) to request the AMS information to be handed over to the exporter three or four days in advance of the information may be incorrect, so there is a cut-off order after the request of the shipping company, NOVCC to change the information of the AMS situation.What is the requirement of the AMS information?
A complete AMS includes House BL Number, Carrier Master BL No, Carrier Name, Shipper, Consignee, Notify Party, Place of Receipt, Vessel / Voyage, Port of Loading, Port of Discharge, Destination, Container Number, Seal Number, Size/ Type, No. & PKG Type, Weight, CBM, Description of Goods, Marks & Numbers. All these information are based on the content of the bill of lading provided by the exporter.
Can the real importer/exporter information be withheld?
According to U.S. Customs regulations, it is not allowed. Moreover, the Customs is very strict in checking the information of CNEE, if it is found that there is a problem with CNEE, USD1000-5000 should be prepared first. Shipping companies often ask NVOCC to put the phone fax or even the contact person of the importer/exporter into the AMS data, although the US Customs regulations do not need to provide the phone fax or contact person, but only the company name, the correct address and ZIP CODE, etc., but the detailed information requested by the shipping company will help the US Customs to contact CNEE directly and ask for the required information.
AMS data sent to the United States will get what result? AMS data is through the use of the U.S. Customs designated system sent directly to the customs database, by the U.S. Customs system automatically check and reply, generally in 5-10 minutes after sending will get the result, as long as the AMS data is sent is complete, will get ""OK"" the result, this ""OK"" means that This ticket AMS goods on the ship no problem, no ""OK"" can not be on the ship. 6 December 2003, the U.S. Customs began to require SPECIAL BILL, that is, the shipping company issued by the MASTER BILL and AMS in the MASTER BILL NO match, the two numbers are consistent with the results of the ""1Y"", the AMS side of the clearance will not be a problem, this ""OK"" result. There is no problem, this ""1Y"" only need to get before the ship to the U.S. port of call.
The significance of AMS since the implementation of AMS 24-hour declaration, combined with the subsequent introduction of supporting security provisions and ISF. make the U.S. imports of cargo information is accurate and clean, complete data, easy to track the query. Not only improve homeland security, but also greatly reduce the risk of imported goods and improve the efficiency of customs clearance.
After the United States, Mexico, Canada, the European Union, South Africa and China and other countries have followed the United States AMS, the implementation of the pre-shipment manifest declaration system, in order to effectively avoid the risk of protecting their homeland security and the interests of the people, it can be predicted that, out of security considerations, there will be more and more countries to implement this pre-shipment declaration system.
U.S. Customs may update the requirements and procedures of AMS from time to time, please refer to the latest release of U.S. Customs for details.
About the U.S. import customs clearance matters of note
The main general cargo import, that is, China to the United States to take the logistics channel is air or sea freight, or intermodal mode (non-mail channels, non-express channels).
Most of the general cargo imports are more than 2500 U.S. dollars worth of goods, for more than 2500 U.S. dollars of general cargo, the U.S. Customs requirements must be formally imported, regardless of whether the goods tariffs are 0, and the formal importation of the need for an IOR (importer of record) The IOR must have Bond, Bond is divided into two categories, one is a one-time, suitable for the importer within two times a year. One is one-time, suitable for the importer to formally import two times a year, and the other is called annual bond, suitable for importing more than two times a year. Without bond, IOR can not be cleared, the cost of bond will be determined according to the value of the imported goods and the amount of tariffs, and the cost of annual bond for general merchandise is generally between $400 and $800.
IOR can be divided into two kinds, one is the U.S. entity company, that is, the importer in the U.S., and the other is to use the Chinese shipping company to buy the bond, that is, the shipper to buy the bond, both cases can be.
The second situation is something very special in the United States, many Chinese exporters or sellers do not know, in fact, if it is a long time to do business in the United States, and the United States does not have a physical company or the United States does not have your approved partners, it is best to use the form of domestic consignor to act as a U.S. importer of imports and to buy the bond. but still need to be the United States a company that can provide a consignee as the Consignee, you also need his tax ID number, the consignee company can use a logistics company or other.
Purchase bond, the need for the company's tax ID, if the U.S. entity to provide IRS that paper can be, and the need for the company's owner's ID. if it is an overseas company that is the consignor to buy bond, you need to provide an overseas business licence, the company's legal person passport or ID card.
Then import customs clearance to the United States need to entrust the customs broker to do (in theory, IOR can own customs clearance, but if you do not necessarily particularly cost-effective, of course, the big IOR often have their own inhouse broker, which is another situation), if it is the first time to import, you need to provide POA with the customs broker, customs brokerage power of attorney, BOND information, the goods of the box, the goods of the commercial invoice, the logistics waybill (the goods), the goods of the customs broker, the goods of the customs broker. Commercial invoice, logistics waybill (airway bill or ?bill of landing), for air transport, as long as the plane takes off the U.S. side of the customs broker can do declarations, often the aircraft did not land on the completion of customs clearance, and then the customs system will be given to the customs broker instructions, release, inspection, and so on. If released, you can go to the airport to pick up the goods.
After the customs broker will give the importer a form called CBP7501, this document is very important, this is the U.S. import credentials, is issued by the U.S. Customs, which will be clear with a variety of details and charges and so on. Including tariffs, MPF, customs code of goods, value, consignee and so on.
Tariffs this part, generally small and medium-sized customers are paid to the customs broker by the customs broker to pay the customs, the United States does not exist tariffs customs broker does not give the customs situation, and do not have to worry about the customs broker to collect more tariffs (but the customs broker will charge a tariff advance fee), as long as you get the 7501 form can explain everything, once again, this form is very important. If you have a large amount of duties, you can go to U.S. Customs and open an account and deposit money in it to pay for the duties. Customs deducts the money directly from this account when duties are incurred.
There is no such thing in the United States as an opaque tariff. If you feel that customs has overcharged you, you can take the 7501 or other evidence and talk to them, or failing that, go to court, which is normal and within the power of the US importer.
Then again, because IOR is the owner of the goods, customs and customs broker only with his relationship, so why say the best shipper to buy bond is this, equal to the right of goods is still in their hands, there will not be any tug-of-war thing.
TIPS: So find any logistics company to ask a clear point, in the end who is the importer, because who is the importer, the right to goods is who, if the logistics company with you that can be all-inclusive, stay a mind to ask him in the end who is the importer, who's the importer who you'd better sign a good agreement with who to prevent the transfer of the right to goods to prevent the right to transfer to the time of ripping not clear, and who when the importer who will have to bear the burden of the U.S. importation. Importer who will have to bear all the responsibilities of the U.S. import, including tariffs, FDA, inspection and warehousing fees, U.S. port logistics costs and so on.
Customs clearance process for export to the United States
Export goods to the United States in a variety of trade methods, some goods imported by the United States customs clearance fees and taxes paid by the consignor, in this case, the United States customs clearance will require Chinese exporters to sign a POA power of attorney before shipment, similar to China's customs clearance needs to be used in customs clearance power of attorney customs clearance there are usually two kinds of ways:
1, in the name of the U.S. consignee clearance that is, the U.S. consignee (consignee) to provide POA to the U.S. agent of the freight forwarder, but also need the U.S. consignee's Bond.
2, in the name of the consignor customs clearance that is provided by the consignor POA to the port of embarkation forwarder, forwarder and then transferred to the destination port agent, the U.S. agent to help the consignor in the U.S. for the importer's Customs registration number, while the need for the consignor to buy Bond.
Notes:
1, the above two ways of customs clearance, regardless of which one, must be used to clear customs with the U.S. consignee's tax ID (Tax ID, also known as IRS No.) IRS No. (The Internal Revenue Service No.) is the U.S. consignee in the U.S. Internal Revenue Service registered in the U.S. a tax identification number.
2, 2, in the United States, no Bond can not clear customs, no tax ID number can not clear customs.
Customs clearance process under this type of trade mode
1. Customs declaration
Upon receipt of the notification of arrival of the goods, the customs broker can apply for customs clearance within 5 days after the goods have been prepared with the documents required by the Customs within 5 days after the goods are ready to arrive at the port of arrival or inland point of arrival. Customs clearance for sea freight will usually be informed within 48 hours of the release or not, and air freight will be informed within 24 hours. In some cases, Customs will decide to inspect the cargo before the ship has even arrived in port. The vast majority of inland points allow for a Pre-Clearance to be made prior to the arrival of the shipment, but the results will only be displayed after the shipment has arrived (i.e. after ARRIVAL IT).
There are two ways of declaring to Customs, either electronically or where Customs need to review paperwork. Either way, we must prepare the required documents and other data information.
2、Preparing documents for customs declaration
(1) Bill of Lading (B/L);
(2) Invoice (Commercial Invoice);
(3) Packing List;
(4) Arrival Notice (Arrival Notice)
(5) If there is wood packaging, fumigation certificate (Fumigation Certificate) or no wood packaging statement (Non Wood Packing Statement).
The name of the consignee on the bill of lading (consignee) needs to be unified with the consignee shown on the last three documents, if it is not consistent, the consignee on the bill of lading must write a letter of transfer of goods (Letter of Transfer), the third party can be cleared. The name, address and telephone number of S/ & C/ are also needed on the invoice and packing list. Some domestic S/ documents are missing these information, will be asked to add.
3、Transferring Customs
If inland customs clearance, we need to do customs transfer we need to provide I.T . #, effective date, place of departure and place of suspension. Inland customs will use I.T# to control and release.
4, release Goods
(1) In the former ABI system, shipping companies and terminals were directly networked with the Customs, which means that if the Customs releases goods in ABI, both shipping companies and terminals can see it.
After the trial implementation of AMS, large-scale shipping companies such as Evergreen, APL, Maersk, COSCO, CSCL, etc. are also networked AMS, but the terminal does not, so the Customs release in AMS, these shipping companies and NVOCC AMS FILER can be synchronised to see the shipping company to help the terminal system is updated at the same time. Relatively small shipping companies, such as Sinotrans, LYKES, GWS, etc., do not have network AMS, so they can only be released through NVOCC AMS FILER by faxing NVOCC Letter of Guarantee and a copy of Customs Pass (CUSTOMS FORM 3461), and then manually updating the terminal system after receiving the fax from these shipping companies.
(2) Terminal / shipping company release terminal and shipping company is networked, if the freight prepaid, bill of lading and electric release, as long as the customs clearance, the terminal will automatically release the goods to the trucking company. The US customer doesn't need to come to exchange the bill of lading, so the US agent doesn't have any way to help hold the cargo, which is totally different from China. Therefore, if the port of loading does not receive the customer's freight, never do the shipping company's big bill of lading electric release or prepaid freight.
(3) inland release to inland goods, after customs clearance, the shipping company will give a PICK UP #, the agent to get this PICK UP # notify the C /, trucking companies with this number to pick up the goods, this number to wait for: A, the goods arrive at the yard and from the train to get off the container, B, the customs clearance, C, the shipping company release to get, lack of any of them can not be obtained. Therefore, inland shipments need to spend a long time tracking, until C/receive the PICK UP#.
What is "Bond"?
I. About BondBond is actually a representative of import insurance. Specifically appears in the import business in the emergence of uncertain reasons for not picking up, abandonment of goods, the U.S. Customs in addition to the expected auction of goods, but also to the insurance company to apply for claims for goods imported to the United States and other operating costs, such as storage fees and so on.
Note: Not buying Bond is equivalent to not filing in the U.S. Customs. Even if you send the ISF can not be imported for customs clearance, while the goods are bound to be rejected by the customs after arrival and may require a fine.
Check the U.S. Customs information website can know, The U.S. Customs and Border Protection Bonds (CBP Bonds) refers to the U.S. Customs Service Bonds, Bond is a kind of U.S. importers, that is, to assume the Customs Service Guarantee of the party, you need to buy the bond. U.S. Customs can deduct money from the bond in order to prevent importers from incurring fines due to certain factors, so all goods imported into the U.S. need to buy a bond.
If the value of goods imported into the United States for commercial purposes exceeds $2,500, or the importation of goods belonging to other U.S. federal agencies to implement entry control requirements (such as firearms or food, etc.), it is necessary to use the Customs Service Guarantee, that is, the importer must buy Bond.
U.S. Customs Bonds are issued to businesses certified by the U.S. government. The U.S. Department of the Treasury website (https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/surety-bonds/list-certified-companies.html) publishes and updates a list of surety businesses that are eligible to provide guarantees for U.S. Customs (Treasury Department Circular 570).
Categories of Bond
Since the Bond serves as insurance, it will certainly be divided. According to the age of the Bond will be divided into the following two categories:
A. Annual Bond [Continuous Bond]. From the literal meaning of the word can be known, the annual Bond only need to buy once a year, more suitable for import and export logistics within the year more frequent cargo owners. Can provide security for multiple customs operations continuous bond (ContinuousBonds).
B, single Bond [Single Transaction Bond], referred to as STB. some goods may exist dumping risk, the U.S. Customs will be required to purchase STB, so as to avoid losses.
In addition, the U.S. Customs currently provides a new guarantee business, that is, intellectual property rights holders of IPR Sample Bonds (IPR Sample Bonds) for intellectual property rights holders, IPR Sample Bonds belong to a kind of continuous guarantee.
In addition to the above-mentioned guarantees, which are only applicable to customs matters, companies can also use Consolidated Bonds. This type of guarantee not only guarantees customs compliance and customs duties, but also guarantees the guaranteed person's compliance with other import and export laws and regulations.
How is the guarantee amount calculated for ConsolidatedBonds?
The minimum coverage amount for both types of Bonds is US$100. In the case of a bond for customs affairs of an importer or customs broker, for example, the minimum amount of coverage for a continuous bond is calculated on the basis of 10 per cent of the total amount of duties, taxes and charges paid by the bonded person in the past 12 months. In addition, some items such as the amount of unpaid duties and fees are added.
Continuous guarantees are valid for one year or until the importer or guarantor cancels the letter of guarantee. U.S. Customs will periodically review the adequacy of the Continuous Guarantee to secure the guaranteed person's compliance and duty liability. It is important to note that the guarantee amount is not a premium. The premium is paid to the surety.
How to choose Bonds
Enterprises can choose either one-time guarantees (SingleTransaction Bonds, STB) or continuous guarantees (ContinuousBonds). The cost of Continuous Bonds for the same customs business is obviously higher than that of one-time Bonds, but the cost of Continuous Bonds is spread evenly over each customs business guaranteed and is obviously more cost-effective than that of one-time Bonds.
The specific choice of bond is not simply a matter of the amount of the guarantee and the premium, but depends on the frequency and type of business that the enterprise imports goods into the United States. If the importation is only occasional, it is recommended to use a one-time bond. If goods are frequently imported into the U.S. and entered through various ports of entry, continuous bonding is the best choice in terms of efficiency and economy."
