"Export Fireworks Hazard
Classification significance
Fireworks belong to Class 1 dangerous goods under the UN regulations, and their storage and transport involves greater safety risks. According to the classification and management of the dangerous goods, choosing the correct and applicable packaging and marking is an important guarantee for the safety of storage, transport and use of the goods.
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Customs will crack down on the illegal behaviours of evading safety supervision such as under-reporting of high risk, under-reporting of multi-risk, non-reporting of risk, etc. for dangerous goods.
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In order to further improve the safety awareness of export fireworks transport, this article combines the customs supervision requirements to interpret the "export fireworks hazard classification method" (SN/T 1727-2006), with you to understand the significance of export fireworks hazard classification, hazard classification overview, hazard classification test methods and results of the decision and other aspects of knowledge.
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The test methods and results of the classification of fireworks for export.
Hazard Classification of Fireworks for Export
Classification Overview
Explanation of terms
1 Division: Explosives according to the size of its hazard classification of the items, currently divided into international 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 items.
2 Compatibility group: two or more substances or products in storage or transport together, will not increase the probability of an accident, for the same amount of transport will not increase the degree of harm of such an accident, then these goods can be designated as the same compatibility group. Fireworks are assigned to compatibility groups G and S. All fireworks products are in compatibility group G unless the product has been tested and assigned to 1.4S.
3 Integral explosion: An explosion in which all substances or products actually explode at the same time.
Classification Principles
Through the hazard class classification test, fireworks are classified into the following four divisions according to their explosion hazards, from high to low:
1.1 items: there is an overall explosion risk of the product (the overall explosion refers to the virtually instantaneous impact of almost the entire load of the explosion).
Division 1.2: products with a bursting hazard, but without an overall explosion hazard.
1.3: combustion hazards and combined with a localised explosion hazard, one of the localised projectile hazards or a combination of these two hazards, but without the overall explosion hazard products.
Division 1.4: Products that do not present a significant hazard, including:
--Products which present only a minor hazard in the event of ignition or initiation during transport. The effects are largely confined to the package itself and are expected to eject small fragments over a short range. External fire will not cause an instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package.
-Inclusion in Compatibility Group S is subject to the condition that it is packaged or designed so that any hazardous effects arising incidentally will be confined to the package unless the package is burned; and in the event that the package is burned, all explosive or projectile effects will be limited so as not to materially impede fire-fighting or other emergency response measures in the immediate vicinity of the package.
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Export Fireworks Hazard Classes
Classification test methods and results determination
Test Methods and Result Determination
Test process details
Test 1. Single package test
Applied to a single package, used to determine whether the contents of the whole explosion.
Place the package on a steel verification plate on the ground.
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Surround the sample with a suitable barrier material to a thickness of 0.5 metres for packages up to 0.15m3 and 1.0 metres for packages exceeding 0.15m3.
The sample must be surrounded by a suitable barrier material.
The substance or article is initiated and the following observations are made: thermal effects, bursting effects, detonation, deflagration or signs of explosion of the entire contents of the package. A safe waiting period specified by the test organisation shall be observed after initiation. The test shall be carried out three times unless a decisive result occurs before the third time.
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An overall explosion indicates that the product may be considered for classification in Division 1.1. Indications of this condition include the presence of a crater at the test site, damage to the witness plate under the package, measurement of a shock wave, splitting and dispersion of the containment material.
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If the product is classified in Division 1.1, no additional testing is required; otherwise, Test II should be performed.
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Test II, ? Stacking test
Used to determine if an explosion propagates from one package to another.
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Not less than 2 specimens with a total volume of not less than 0.15m3 are stacked on a verification plate in the same manner as they were transported, with the ignition device attached.
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Surround the samples with suitable containment material.
Initiate the product and make the following observations: signs of thermal effects, bursting effects, deflagration, deflagration or explosion of the entire contents of the package. A safe waiting period specified by the test organisation shall be observed after initiation. The test shall be carried out three times, unless a decisive result occurs before the third time.
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If, in test two, the contents of more than one package or unpackaged article actually explode instantaneously, the product shall be assigned to Division 1.1.
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If the product is classified in Division 1.1, no additional test is required; otherwise a test of Type III shall be performed.
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Test III. ? External fire (campfire) test
Used to determine whether there is a risk of an overall explosion, a risk of dangerous bursts, radiant heat and/or violent combustion or other hazardous effects when the package is exposed to external fire.
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Take specimens (not less than 3) with a package volume of not less than 0.15m3.
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Place the specimens close together on the support in such a way that the direction of placement maximises the likelihood of the burst hitting the verification screen, and the fuel is stacked under the support in such a way that the flame is able to surround the specimen.
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A verification screen is erected at a distance of 4 metres on three sides around the specimen, the fuel is ignited, and signs of explosion, projections and thermal effects are observed and recorded.
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If a total explosion occurs, the product is classified as Division 1.1.
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If no overall explosion occurs but any perforation of the validation screen occurs and the specified mass projectile is thrown beyond the 20J projectile distance, the product is classified as Division 1.2.
A product is assigned to Division 1.3 if there is no occurrence that would require the product to be assigned to Division 1.1 or 1.2, but a fireball or tongue of fire extends beyond any validation screen, a burst of incendiary material is thrown more than 15 metres from the edge of the package, the duration of the combustion is less than the time in column 1.3, and the difference in heat flux of the projecting flame and that of the combusting flame is more than the value of the heat flux in column 1.3.
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A product is classified in a compatibility group other than Division 1.4, Compatibility Group S, if there are no occurrences that would require the product to be classified in Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3, but there is a fireball or tongue of flame that extends more than 1 metre beyond the flame, a burst of incendiary material that is projected more than 5 metres beyond the edge of the packaged part, a dent greater than 4 mm deep in any validation screen, and the distance of projectile projection exceeds a distance of 8 J of projectile projection. .
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Exemption procedure:
1 Tests I and II may be exempted if it is considered that the product is not dangerous enough to produce an overall explosion.
2 Test I may be exempted if the package contains only one product.
3 Test II may be exempted if in each test of Test I the following conditions are present.
--The exterior of the package has not been damaged by internal explosion and/or fire;
--The contents of the package did not explode or the explosion was so weak that it can be ruled out that the effects of the explosion would propagate from one package to another in Test II.
4 If in test II almost the entire contents of the stack explode practically instantaneously, test III may be dispensed with. In this case, the product is assigned to Division 1.1.
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Failure Cases and Customs Reminder
Failure Cases
Case 1
During the inspection of a batch of fireworks, a customs office found that the hazardous transport classification printed on the outer carton used for the batch of fireworks was 1.4S. According to the default classification table of fireworks in the UN Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the hazardous category of this part of the shipment should be 1.4G, and the shipment belonged to the category of "High Risk, Low Declaration". The cargo is "high risk and low declaration". The Customs ruled that the goods were unqualified and were not allowed to be exported.
Case 2
A customs declaration of a batch of fireworks transport hazard class 1.4G (UN No. 0336) implementation of the inspection, found that the goods transport hazard class classification is doubtful, after taking samples sent to the Customs Technology Centre for testing, the results show that the actual hazard class of the batch of fireworks 1.3G (UN No. 0335), is a "high-risk under-reported ". The Customs ruled that the goods were unqualified and were not allowed to be exported.
The Customs has ruled that the shipment is unqualified and will not be allowed to export.
Customs remind
1 Fireworks are different from general export commodities, they are flammable and explosive dangerous goods, and the transport of fireworks has strict legal and regulatory requirements.
2 Import and export enterprises should mark the true and accurate transport hazard class, wrongly marked transport hazard class, especially high risk under-reported transport hazard class of fireworks exported, due to the lack of appropriate safety measures, will bring great safety hazards, a serious threat to people's lives and property safety.
3 For the illegal export of fireworks and other dangerous goods, the Customs and Excise Department will be severely cracked down on.
4 Currently, the United States is the world's largest importer of fireworks. U.S. federal regulations 27 CFR Part 555 will be the United Nations number 0335 (that is, transport hazard class 1.3G) fireworks products as a professional burning fireworks, this will be fireworks consumption, burning category and the transport level of the direct link between the way, resulting in the United Nations number 0335 fireworks products can not be sold in the U.S. consumer market."
